Uruguay Profil du Membre
Situation concernant les notifications au cours de la période considérée
2010-2012
2012-2014
2014-2016
2016-2018
2018-2020
2020-2022
2022-2024
2024-2026
Renseignements sur la notification
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Uruguay
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17/07/2023
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2022-2024
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Uruguay
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17/03/2023
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2022-2024
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Uruguay
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17/07/2020
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2020-2022
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Uruguay
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21/10/2019
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2018-2020
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Uruguay
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04/11/2016
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2016-2018
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Uruguay
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08/01/2014
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2014-2016
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Types de restrictions
Toutes les périodes biennales et toutes les notifications
Top 10 des chapitres du SH notifiés
Toutes les périodes biennales et toutes les notifications
Top 10 des justifications de l'OMC notifiées
Toutes les périodes biennales et toutes les notifications
Top 10 des engagements non-OMC notifiés
Toutes les périodes biennales et toutes les notifications
Détails de la RQ
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Examen de politique commerciale
Dernier examen de politique commerciale (Rapport du Secrétariat de l'OMC): WT/TPR/S/374/Rev.1
A. Prohibitions et restrictions à l'importation et licences d'importation
3.50.
Uruguay imposes non‑tariff measures to protect national security, public health, plant and animal health, and the environment. These measures include restrictions, prohibitions and import licences and are imposed by means of laws, decrees and resolutions.
3.51.
In 2014 and 2016, Uruguay submitted notifications with respect to the quantitative restrictions it maintains.[143] The restrictions notified, all of which relate to import prohibitions, were grouped in 20 categories, corresponding to: asbestos; wine; electronic devices for smoking; vaccines (rabbit haemorrhagic disease); medicines containing triazolam; aerosol containers, foams, refrigerated cabinets, solvents and sterilizers and air‑conditioning units containing prohibited ozone‑depleting substances; leaded gasoline; insecticides; phytosanitary products; potassium bromate; medicines containing furazolidone, nitrofurazone, etc.; growth promoters for bovine species, sheep, pigs, horses and poultry containing arsenic or antimony substances; veterinary medicines containing substances with oestrogenic hormonal effect; protein concentrates and bone meal from mammals; chloramphenicol base and its salts; hazardous waste; used vehicles; paints and varnishes; and persistent organic pollutants (2). In most cases, the products are defined by NCM (four‑digit) heading or part heading. Some products are defined at six‑digit or eight‑digit tariff subheading level. The number of ten‑digit lines affected is not specified.
3.52.
The justifications for the use of these measures include: Article XX(b) of the GATT; International Labour Convention No. 162; Article XX(d) of the GATT; the MERCOSUR Grape‑Growing and Wine Production Regulations; the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985); the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987); the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989); and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2003).[144]
3.53.
According to the information received from the authorities in connection with this review, the number of Harmonized System (HS) ten‑digit lines subject to a prohibition fell from 652 in 2012 (HS 2012) to 331 in 2017 (HS 2017). The products in question included: food preparations (wines from fresh grapes) (nine ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017); products of the chemical industry (44 ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017); plastics and rubber (161 ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017); and machinery and appliances (117 ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017). Some of these products are prohibited by international conventions, such as the Basel Convention, while others relate to measures to protect human, animal or plant health. The most notable changes during the period were: the reduction in the prohibitions that were affecting live animals and animal products and the elimination of those affecting hides and skins (Chart 3.3).
3.54.
Uruguay uses both automatic and non‑automatic import licences. The automatic licences are used for statistical purposes (textiles and footwear and oils), for granting tariff preferences to third parties (paper for publishing, vehicles) or for monitoring the price of imports. Non‑automatic licences are used for granting tariff exemptions to domestic producers (sugar and diesel engines and kits) and for human health care (acetic acid).[145] The products subject to import licensing have not changed since the last review. In 2017, 378 ten‑digit tariff lines of the HS 2017 required import licences. The majority of the products (371 ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017) required automatic licences. In most cases (278 ten‑digit lines of the HS 2017) the licences apply to imports of any origin, including MERCOSUR member countries (Table 3.12).
3.55.
Licences are introduced by means of a government decree, so that the Government can abolish the regime without requiring the agreement of the legislative branch. In general, the importer or body authorized to import is entitled to apply for an import licence, subject to registration. However, in the case of sugar, where the licence is used to obtain a tariff preference, only industrial enterprises which can show that the product is to be used for industrial purposes may apply for a licence (Section 4.1). Likewise, in the case of paper, only publishing enterprises which can show that the paper will be used for publishing purposes may apply for a licence.
3.56.
Licences are processed in the order in which the applications are received. Processing may be immediate or take up to 15 days, depending on the product. However, thanks to the use of computers, processing has been speeded up considerably. Uruguay does not provide for the processing of urgent licence applications. The majority of licences are valid for 60 days, except for those granted for the purpose of importing goods related with the automotive sector or sugar, which are valid for 90 days. If a longer period is required, the necessary steps must be taken to obtain a new licence. Licences, apart from that for sugar, are not transferable. In the case of sugar, the licence may be transferred subject to the agreement of the National Directorate of Industry (DNI) and provided that there is no change in the volume authorized or the industrial enterprise that is to use the input.
B. Prohibitions et restrictions à l'exportation
3.77.
In general, in Uruguay the free export of goods is guaranteed, with the exception of those that might affect public health, national security, preservation of the environment, sanitary conditions or consumer protection and those needed to satisfy the domestic demand for basic necessities. Exports may also be restricted to comply with the commitments undertaken by Uruguay within the context of the various international agreements to which it is a signatory.
3.78.
The Government may take the measures necessary to ensure adequate supplies and in times of scarcity or excessive increases in prices may, among other measures, reduce or temporarily abolish customs duties on staple goods or prohibit the export of such goods where there are market shortages for domestic consumption or when prices on the domestic market are higher or lower than those prevailing abroad.[153] When exports are prohibited, the measure may be general or directed at a particular market. Under these powers, and owing to the supply difficulties facing the Uruguayan iron and steel industry, the export of steel and cast iron scrap is prohibited. This prohibition dates from 2001 and has been extended, since the authorities consider that the conditions leading to the decision to prohibit these exports have not changed.[154]
3.79.
During the period 2012‑2017, in addition to continuing to prohibit the export of ferrous scrap, Uruguay also prohibited the export of certain moulds and bovine fat destined for China (Table 3.16).
3.80.
Moreover, as from 2011, any exporter of rice (HS 10.06, HS 11.02, HS 15.1590) will have to submit certain information relating to the area sown (by variety of rice and department), production at harvest time and monthly stocks to the Sectoral Committee for Rice, in order to obtain a "rice export authorization".[155]
Base de données sur l'environnement de l'OMC (BDE)
La BDE contient des mesures relatives à l'environnement qui peuvent être considérées comme des RQ et qui devraient donc être notifiées au titre de la Décision sur les restrictions quantitatives.
Voir les mesures relatives à l'environnement prise par le Membre