Argentina Perfil del Miembro
Situación de las notificaciones correspondientes al período sobre el que se informa
2010-2012
2012-2014
2014-2016
2016-2018
2018-2020
2020-2022
2022-2024
2024-2026
Información sobre la notificación
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Argentina
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18/09/2024
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2024-2026
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Argentina
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14/09/2022
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2022-2024
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Argentina
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21/01/2021
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2018-2020, 2020-2022
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Argentina
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18/07/2018
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2016-2018
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Argentina
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16/04/2018
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2016-2018
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Argentina
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16/04/2018
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2016-2018
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Tipos de restricciones
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los capítulos del HS notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de las justificaciones de la OMC notificadas
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los compromisos no OMC notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Detalles de la restricción cuantitativa
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Examen de las políticas comerciales
Último Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC) WT/TPR/S/412/Rev.1
A. Importación prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación
3.62.
Argentine legislation allows the authorities to prohibit imports (and exports) of goods for economic and non-economic reasons. Prohibitions for economic reasons seek to promote employment and domestic production, stabilize prices and protect industrial property and consumers, among other aims (Article 609 of the Customs Code). Generally, prohibitions for economic reasons apply only to imports (and exports) for consumption (Article 613 of the Customs Code). Non-economic prohibitions are imposed to protect public health and safety, artistic heritage and the environment and to implement international treaties (Article 610 of the Customs Code).
3.63.
Currently, Argentina prohibits imports only for non-economic reasons (Table 3.19). Argentina did not impose any economic prohibitions between 2013 and 2020.[223]
3.64.
Administering import licences remains one of the main components of Argentina's trade policy. During the period under review, Argentina changed its licensing policy on several occasions. In 2013, Argentina notified the WTO that it had only one type of automatic import licence; non-automatic import licences were abolished by Resolution No. 11/2013.[224] In 2015, Argentina once again began using two types of import licensing regimes: automatic and non-automatic.[225]
3.65.
All goods imported into Argentina for final consumption require either an automatic or a non‑automatic import licence. The lists of products requiring each type of licence are updated as and when circumstances so require, rather than at predetermined intervals. Because of this policy, the number and types of products subject to non-automatic import licences often vary (Chart 3.3). For this reason, non-automatic licences were abolished for certain medical devices in response to the health situation in 2020.[226] Since 2015, the lists of products subject to non-automatic licensing have been modified 26 times.[227] These products are normally listed in the annexes to the resolution establishing the import licensing regime. According to the authorities, "the products in the annexes are grouped according to the requirements for each product description". The Executive does not need legislative approval to modify the licensing regime.
3.66.
According to Argentina's notifications to the WTO, automatic and non-automatic licences apply to goods of any origin; the licences do not limit the quantity or value of the imports and are not used for administering quotas. Automatic licensing is used to obtain statistical information; non-automatic licensing is used to pre-verify that the conditions for importing the different products have been met and to monitor and control imports.[228]
3.67.
In 2020, non-automatic licences were required for 1,469 eight-digit HS tariff lines, or 14.3% of all tariff lines. This was a substantial increase on the numbers for 2012, when only 606 tariff lines (6% of the total) were subject to non-automatic licensing. The types of products affected by the measure have not changed substantially since 2012. Most non-automatic licences are still for textiles, machines and apparatus and basic metals (Table 3.20).
3.68.
Goods imported under certain import regimes do not require any kind of import licence.[229] Goods imported free of duties and taxes are also exempt from requiring an import licence.
3.69.
Applications for automatic and non-automatic licences can be made all year round. In January 2020, the validity of import licences was reduced from 180 to 90 calendar days after the date of their approval in the Comprehensive Import Monitoring System (SIMI).[230] The purpose of the change, according to the authorities, is to adapt the validity period of licences to ordinary foreign‑trade operations and to make the system more efficient. This validity period may, for good reason, be extended by the implementing authority – currently (as of March 2021) the Under‑Secretariat of Trade Policy and Management (SSPGC), which is attached to the Secretariat for Industry, the Knowledge Economy and Foreign Trade Management – at the request of the interested party at least 15 days before the licence expires.[231]
3.70.
Automatic and non-automatic import licences must be processed and presented before goods are cleared. It takes up to 10 days to obtain an automatic licence and up to 30 or 60 days to obtain a non-automatic licence.
3.71.
Since 2015, automatic licences are processed through SIMI.[232] Previously (before 2013), the regime required at least part of the application process to be done in person.[233] To obtain this type of licence, importers must be registered in AFIP's Register of Importers and must submit the corresponding application form.[234] Automatic licences are granted in all cases where the regulatory requirements are met.
3.72.
Applications for non-automatic licences are also submitted through SIMI.[235] To apply for a non-automatic licence, interested parties must also be registered in the Single Register of the Ministry of Production (RUMP) (the Ministry has since been renamed the Ministry of Productive Development)[236] and must submit the import licence application form[237] and, where applicable, the information indicated in the annexes to the resolution that lists the products subject to non‑automatic licensing.[238] Additional formalities are required for certain importers. For instance, before applying for a non-automatic import licence, importers of new bicycles (HS 8712.00) and new pneumatic bicycle tyres (HS 4011.50.00) and inner tubes (HS 4013.20.00), which are subject to technical regulations, must first obtain from SISCO either a document certifying that the product complies with the technical requirement, or a document certifying an exemption from that requirement, as applicable. Furthermore, at any stage of the procedure the implementing authority may also: request additional information and/or documents from the importer; request the intervention of other competent technical bodies; obtain background information from its own sources or from third parties; and, where deemed necessary, require the importer to provide any clarifications that the implementing authority believes are relevant.[239] According to the authorities, these requirements are based on relevance and compliance.
3.73.
Non-automatic licences can be designated as "pending approval" if the importer does not meet the legislative requirements. Such a decision is subject to review if the importer appeals.[240] Otherwise, the importer may submit a new licence application. Argentina does not have information on the number of non-automatic licences not awarded for the period 2015-19. In 2020 (August), 80% of applications were approved within 48 hours. Only 1.3% of applications were pending, either due to errors in the information submitted, or because the products did not pass the controls required to certify that: (i) the imported goods did not pose a threat to environmental, human or animal health; (ii) the imported goods complied with technical regulations enshrined in national legislation; and (iii) there were no indications of trade diversions or under-invoicing of imports.[241]
3.74.
A Sworn Declaration of Product Composition (DJCP) is required for imports (or for marketing domestically produced goods) of textile and footwear products to support the veracity of the information declared on the product labelling or marking. Since 2016, a DJCP has been required for products such as fabrics (cotton, silk, etc.), articles of apparel and clothing accessories, footwear, carpets and hats. A DJCP is required for imports of products covered by 963 eight-digit lines in 17 different HS 2017 chapters,[242] and a non-automatic import licence is required for 352 (or 36.6%) of those lines. In 2020, in response to the health emergency, Argentina temporarily suspended the requirement to present a DJCP for certain types of clothing and hats.[243]
B. Exportación prohibiciones y restricciones
3.137.
Argentine law permits the prohibition and restriction of exports as well as imports, for economic or non-economic reasons (Table 3.31).[332] Export prohibitions in effect at the current time are for non-economic reasons only.[333] In 2020, the country temporarily suspended issuance of Sworn Declarations of Foreign Sales (DJVE) and established a quota for exports of certain types of maize, to ensure sufficient domestic supply. Maize DJVEs were limited to 30,000 tonnes per day for the 2019-20 period.[334]
3.138.
Argentina continues to apply a series of requisites for exports, such as exporter registration and DJVEs, that may have effects similar to those of export licenses. In addition, during the health crisis, Argentina has required export permits for certain products or goods needed by the country's health-care system, such as alcohol, medications, diagnostic equipment, protective gear, respirators and oxygenators. Such permits are issued by the Ministry of Productive Development (MDP) in consultation with the Ministry of Health.[335] Exemptions from the permit requirement were later allowed for exports of oxygen therapy apparatuses, their parts and accessories (HS 9019.20.10) as well as portable respirators (HS 9019.20.10).[336]
3.139.
Within the framework of its trade agreements, Argentina has negotiated preferential export quotas for confectionery, chocolates and beef (with Colombia); dairy products (with Colombia, Ecuador and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela); and peaches (with Mexico). Argentina also has preferential quotas for exports of beef (Hilton Quota), buffalo, lamb and goat (to the European Union), and sugar, meat, groundnuts and tobacco (to the United States).
Base de Datos sobre Medio Ambiente (BDMA) de la OMC
La BDMA contiene medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente que pueden considerarse RC, las cuales, por lo tanto, deben notificarse con arreglo a la Decisión sobre las restricciones cuantitativas.
Ver las medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente adoptadas por el Miembro