Islande Profil du Membre
No notifications submitted by Islande
Examen de politique commerciale
Dernier examen de politique commerciale (Rapport du Secrétariat de l'OMC): WT/TPR/S/361/Rev.1
A. Prohibitions et restrictions à l'importation et licences d'importation
3.55.
Iceland maintains a number of measures that either prohibit or restrict imports. Many of these measures are long-standing, although there have been a few developments during the review period as outlined below. Eight categories of restrictions or prohibitions on imports are maintained and several relate to international agreements such as CITES, Montreal Protocol, etc. (Table 3.5). Products prohibited due to sanctions or dual-use goods are not covered in this section (see Sections 3.1.8 and 3.2.3 respectively for the restrictions on these products).
3.56.
Other developments during the period include changes to the product coverage and the enumeration of certain exemptions in 2014 to CITES.[140] Certain sharks were added to the coverage, while certain whales, dolphins, porpoises, and sharks were excluded through the exemptions.
3.57.
In its last notification of quantitative restrictions in 2004, Iceland notified the WTO Committee on Market Access that it did not maintain any quantitative restrictions.[141]
3.58.
Iceland imposes import licences on twelve categories of goods (Table 3.6). Most of these measures are non-automatic licences and imposed for security or safety reasons. There have not been many changes to the products subject to licensing requirements during the review period.
3.59.
In 2013, Iceland was the first to ratify the new Arms Trade Treaty negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations to regulate international trade in conventional weapons; it subsequently entered into force in 2014. It creates a legally binding agreement to control the import, export, transit, trans-shipment, and brokering of these goods. While there are more requirements on exports, provisions on imports require each party to take measures for the regulation of imports which may include import systems. Iceland requires a licence for such products.
3.60.
Amendments were made in 2013 to the Law on Radiation[142], which clarified a number of provisions related to nuclear and radioactive material/equipment.[143] In particular, the amendments prohibited the importation of certain goods (food, feed, toys, jewellery and cosmetics) to which radioactive substances have been added.
3.61.
Iceland last notified the products subject to import licence to the Committee on Import Licensing in 2004.[144]
B. Prohibitions et restrictions à l'exportation
3.77.
Export restrictions, prohibitions, and licensing continue to apply in a number of cases; and most have remained in place for many years without change (Table 3.7).
3.78.
The Law on the Export of Horses[153] was adopted and entered into force in 2011, replacing the previous legislation on the exportation of horses.[154] The new law slightly amends the previous law by removing certain restrictions and increasing the export fee which has increased three-fold.
3.79.
Iceland provides certain services for the exportation of meat, live animals, and wood packaging pursuant to import requirements in foreign markets.[155] For live animals, i.e. pet exports and live horses, Iceland provides an official veterinary certificate for exports destined for the EU, Norway, and Switzerland.[156] Iceland follows the FAO Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade, International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15, and thus provides certification for the export of wood packaging.[157]
3.80.
As a member of the EEA, Iceland adopted EU legislation as it pertains to export controls of defence-related products and dual-use products. Through its Law on the Control of Services and Items that may have Strategic Significance, No. 58/2010, Iceland has implemented the relevant EU directives, regulations, and common position on the subject.[158] Thus, exportation of these products requires an export licence from the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 2016 and 2017, Iceland issued new regulations pertaining to this legislation.[159] The new regulations amend the earlier regulations, updating them to align with the relevant EU directives on the matter.
3.81.
Iceland ratified the Arms Trade Treaty in July 2013, which subsequently entered into force on 24 December 2014.[160] It focuses on the control of exports of conventional arms. The provisions of this agreement require parties to control exports, imports, transhipments, and dissemination of weapons, ammunition, and related components. Iceland implements these provisions through its regulation and licensing provisions for dual-use goods.
3.82.
Iceland is a participant in the Australia Group, Missile Technology Control Regime, Nuclear Suppliers Group, and Chemical Weapons Convention, and follows the rules of the Wassenaar Arrangement but is not a member. Thus Iceland cooperates with these organizations on monitoring or controlling exports of products under their respective purview.
3.83.
Transporting waste outside Iceland is not permitted. Iceland prohibits the export of wastes except under certain conditions.[161] For hazardous wastes and the removal of waste for recovery, an export licence is required from the Environment Agency of Iceland.
3.84.
Other formalities or restrictions exist for the export of certain cultural objects or national treasures of significant cultural value. Pursuant to the Cultural Heritage Act, Iceland restricts or otherwise requires a licence from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture for the export of certain cultural objects such as identified in the Act.[162]
Base de données sur l'environnement de l'OMC (BDE)
La BDE contient des mesures relatives à l'environnement qui peuvent être considérées comme des RQ et qui devraient donc être notifiées au titre de la Décision sur les restrictions quantitatives.
Voir les mesures relatives à l'environnement prise par le Membre