Georgia Perfil del Miembro
Situación de las notificaciones correspondientes al período sobre el que se informa
2010-2012
2012-2014
2014-2016
2016-2018
2018-2020
2020-2022
2022-2024
2024-2026
Información sobre la notificación
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Georgia
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07/10/2022
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2022-2024, 2020-2022
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Georgia
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14/07/2020
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2018-2020
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Georgia
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14/04/2020
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2018-2020
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Georgia
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20/12/2019
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2016-2018, 2018-2020
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Georgia
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25/03/2014
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2014-2016
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Tipos de restricciones
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los capítulos del HS notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de las justificaciones de la OMC notificadas
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los compromisos no OMC notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Detalles de la restricción cuantitativa
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Examen de las políticas comerciales
Último Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC) WT/TPR/S/420/Rev.1
A. Importación prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación
3.53.
Georgia maintains imports controls for certain goods, mostly for health, security, and environmental reasons. During 2015-21, the lists of prohibited and restricted imports remained almost unchanged, except for a few additions, one of which was temporary. Georgia imposed a licence requirement on the imports of hazardous waste and of electronic communications interception systems in 2017 and 2019, respectively. In 2020, it also banned all imports of live animals from China in response to the COVID‑19 pandemic, but this measure was removed in June the same year.
3.54.
The latest WTO notifications by Georgia in this area were made in 2018 and 2020. In 2018, it submitted its (annual) notification on import licensing procedures[164], and in 2020, it submitted its (biennial) notification on import prohibitions and controls (i.e. quantitative restrictions) for the period 2016-20; its next (biennial) notification will be due in 2022.[165] The 2020 notification does not include the additional measures imposed in 2017, 2019, and 2020 (mentioned above), which are thus pending. In this regard, the authorities indicate that they will include them in their next notification.
3.55.
Regulations on import prohibitions are scattered across various legal instruments dealing with, inter alia, waste, air protection, nuclear and radiation safety, hazardous chemicals, pesticides, and drugs. The list of import prohibitions comprises seven types of products, all of which are implemented based on health considerations (Table 3.5). The prohibitions are administered by three different institutions the Revenue Service, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture, and the Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health and Social Affairs. From February to June 2020, Georgia added live animals imported from China to this list with a view to combating the spread of COVID‑19 in the country.[166] This was the only amendment reported affecting the list of import prohibitions during the review period.
3.56.
Of the seven types of products subject to an import prohibition, ozone-depleting substances, hazardous chemicals and pesticides, and narcotic drugs are also subject to an export prohibition (Section 3.2.3).
3.57.
Georgia restricts the imports of a selected number of products through a system of (non‑automatic) licences and permits based on health, security, and environmental considerations. The legal framework governing the issuance of licences and permits is described in the Law on Licences and Permits of 2005, the Law on Licence and Permit Fees of 2003, and their amendments. These laws include a list of activities and goods subject to a licence or permit, which intends to capture and consolidate all licence and permit requirements contained in various issue-specific laws, resolutions, or other legal instruments.[167] According to the Law on Licences and Permits, Georgia may impose a licence or permit on any activity or action that may pose a major hazard to human life or health, or affect national or public interest, provided that this measure reduces these risks or deals with these concerns. The Law distinguishes between licences and permits based on the actions and activities to be undertaken. A licence grants the right to a person to carry out a specific type of activity or use resources if the person meets the conditions laid out by the Law, while a permit gives the right to carry out an action for a definite or indefinite period, and relates to an object.[168]
3.58.
The list of goods subject to an import licence or permit consists of 17 product categories (Table A3.4).[169] This list has remained almost the same since the last Review, with a few additions, one in 2019 and another in 2017. In 2019, Georgia imposed a licence requirement to import (as well as to produce and export) electronic communications interception systems for security reasons[170], and in 2017, it introduced an import licence for hazardous waste and removed the import licence for materials of limited circulation.[171] These changes have not been yet notified to the WTO Secretariat.[172]
3.59.
Other product categories included in this list are non‑hazardous waste, radioactive and nuclear materials, pharmaceuticals products subject to special control, non-iodized salt, and dual‑use goods (Table A3.4). Most of the product categories subject to an import licence/permit are also subject to an export licence/permit (Section 3.2.3).[173]
3.60.
Importers willing to apply for one of these licences or permits must submit their application to the corresponding ministry or agency. Currently, there are six institutions responsible for issuing licences/permits: (i) Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture (MEPA); (ii) Ministry of Defence; (iii) Ministry of Internal Affairs; (iv) Ministry of IDP from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health and Social Affairs; (v) Revenue Service; and (vi) National Communications Commission. All applications for permits issued by the Revenue Service and the National Food Agency (under the MEPA) may be submitted electronically. The fees for issuing a permit or licence are fixed and vary from GEL 8 to GEL 200, with some exceptions where the procedure is free (e.g. permit for non‑iodized salt) or depends on the value of the transaction (e.g. permit for military weapons).
3.61.
The existing public online platforms (i.e. eCustoms and eServices) do not host all licence/permit procedures, but the Government maintains a Unified Electronic System of Licences, Permits and Certificates for internal use. Once a permit is issued, it is uploaded and stored in this unified platform, which is accessible to all relevant institutions. Currently, the system hosts 38 different licences, permits, and certificates, according to the authorities. Moreover, this system is connected to the eCustoms platform so that traders do not need to resubmit their permits and licences to the Revenue Service during the declaration process as the Revenue Service (and traders) has access to this information.[174]
3.62.
In addition to this licensing/permit scheme, the importation of certain goods may be also subject to registration requirements or other forms of certification under certain conditions, e.g. in the case of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, agrochemicals, veterinary preparations, and iodized salt.[175]
3.63.
Finally, Georgia maintains quotas for imports of ozone-depleting substances that are allocated according to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.[176]
B. Exportación prohibiciones y restricciones
3.79.
Georgia continues to prohibit and impose permit (or licence) requirements to certain exports mainly for health, security, and environmental reasons in accordance with international standards. The lists of prohibited and restricted goods have remained largely unchanged since the last Review, except for a few additions made in response to the COVID‑19 pandemic.
3.80.
As is the case with import controls, the legal framework for export controls is scattered across various legal instruments, very often the same ones governing import controls (Section 3.1.6), with the Law on Licences and Permits of 2005 and the Law on Licence and Permit Fees of 2003 (and their amendments) being the main references for export permit (or licence) requirements.
3.81.
The list of prohibitions comprises six product categories, including certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides, and narcotic drugs (Table 3.6). Some of these categories are also subject to import prohibition (Section 3.1.6). During the review period, the list was not subject to any significant change except for the temporary inclusion of an export ban of certain medical products aiming at combating the COVID‑19 pandemic. Georgia introduced this measure in April 2020 with a view to preventing shortages of essential medical products and protecting human health. The measure applied to 11 tariff lines at the 11-digit level covering, inter alia, personal protective equipment (PPE), pharmaceutical products, and medical devices.[196] In July 2020, the export ban was lifted for PPE (i.e. six tariff lines), and in July 2021 the measure was removed for all remaining lines.[197] Both the introduction and the partial elimination of these measures have been notified to the WTO Secretariat.
3.82.
The list of goods subject to a non-automatic export licence or permit has remained almost the same since the last Review, with two additions made in 2016 and 2019 for health and security reasons. In 2016, Georgia amended the list and added hazardous waste to the products subject to an export licence or permit[198] in accordance with the Basel Convention, while removing the permit for materials of limited circulation, which had broader coverage. Since 2019, Georgia has also started requiring a licence to export (and to produce and import) electronic communications interception systems for security reasons.[199] Both also require an import permit and have not been notified yet to the WTO Secretariat (Section 3.1.6 and Table A3.4).[200]
3.83.
The list of goods subject to an export licence or permit comprises 16 product categories and is based mostly on human health, security, or environmental concerns (Table A3.4). Most of these product categories require both an import and export permit, except for three that require only an export permit. The three categories are: (i) radioactive waste; (ii) Georgian cultural valuables; and (ii) fir cones, snowdrop bulbs and cyclamen tubers that are listed in the Appendices to the CITES. Other products in the list are radioactive materials, electronic means of surveillance, and dual-use products.[201]
Base de Datos sobre Medio Ambiente (BDMA) de la OMC
La BDMA contiene medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente que pueden considerarse RC, las cuales, por lo tanto, deben notificarse con arreglo a la Decisión sobre las restricciones cuantitativas.
Ver las medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente adoptadas por el Miembro