Montenegro Perfil del Miembro
Situación de las notificaciones correspondientes al período sobre el que se informa
2010-2012
2012-2014
2014-2016
2016-2018
2018-2020
2020-2022
2022-2024
2024-2026
Información sobre la notificación
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Montenegro
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09/07/2024
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2022-2024
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Montenegro
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23/09/2020
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2020-2022
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Montenegro
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05/11/2019
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2018-2020
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Tipos de restricciones
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los capítulos del HS notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de las justificaciones de la OMC notificadas
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Top 10 de los compromisos no OMC notificados
Todos los períodos bienales y todas las notificaciones
Detalles de la restricción cuantitativa
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Examen de las políticas comerciales
Último Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC) WT/TPR/S/369/Rev.1
A. Importación prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación
3.35.
Montenegro prohibits a few imports, mainly to protect health, safety, security, the environment and natural resources. Imports of radioactive waste (HS28.44.10.10, HS28.44.30.55 and HS28.44.50) and trade in nuclear materials (from HS28.44.20.25 to HS28.44.20.99) are prohibited.[203] No other import prohibitions are in place.
3.36.
Import approval is governed by the Law on Foreign Trade and the National Control List for Export and Import, which consolidates in a single document restrictions contained in 15 other laws.[204] The National Control List for Export and Import, containing the list of commodities subject to import and export licensing, is updated annually by the Ministry of Economy (MEK) to harmonize it with the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union; in 2017, the Control List was harmonized with the 2016 Amendments to the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union.[205] Import approval of weapons and military equipment is governed by specific legislation (Section 3.1.1.1).[206]
3.37.
Similar to prohibitions, import licensing procedures are maintained for various reasons including protection of national security, human, animal or plant life or health, and to meet commitments under international conventions to which Montenegro is a signatory, e.g. the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).[207] In 2017, these requirements covered approximately 356 ten-digit HS tariff items, or 3.6% of all tariff lines, comprising explosives, headgears, optical instruments, pharmaceutical products, insecticides, contact lenses, uranium and apparatus based on the use of X-rays or alpha, beta or gamma radiation (Table 3.3), compared to 240 items in 2011 (2.6% of all tariff lines (HS07)); according to the authorities, this increase was, inter alia, due to HS Nomenclature changes, and the insertion of some items into the National Control List (e.g. certain chemicals and medical devices).[208] Regarding the importation of used products certain technical requirements must be met.[209] Used motor vehicles being imported or being marketed for the first time in Montenegro can be put into free circulation and must meet the prescribed safety and technical requirements, conditions related to environment protection and human health, in accordance with the "Rulebook on technical requirements and conditions for vehicles imported or marketed for the first time in Montenegro and requirements that must be met by legal entity authorized for approval of vehicles" (OG No. 5/15) i.e. EU Directives and Regulations in this field. The amount of costs incurred when importing or placing a vehicle on the market is determined by the Decision on Homologation Expenses for Vehicles which are Imported or Put on the Market in Montenegro for the First Time (OG No. 50/15). Waste tyres can only be imported for processing, on the basis of an approval or an import licence issued by the Environmental Protection Agency, provided that their import does not endanger the environment or human health.[210]
3.38.
Although all licences are non-automatic, they are not intended to restrict the quantity or value of imports.[211] They are granted by 3 institutions the Ministry of Economy, the Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices, and the Environmental Protection Agency upon consultation with other relevant state bodies whenever required. According to the authorities, licence applications are screened or checked in a "fair" manner and reasons for any refusal are given in writing. The period for processing applications for import, transit, or export licences (Section 3.2.3) must not exceed 30 calendar days as of the day of application (when received) and are processed on a first‑come first-served basis. According to the authorities, it is not difficult to obtain a licence and it may be used for multiple shipments during its period of validity; in practice, processing does not usually exceed an average of 30 days, and consideration starts on the day following the closing date of the announced application period.[212] An annual import quota for drugs must be observed in line with Montenegro's commitments under the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The decision fees for import licences for medicines and medical devices are based on the total import value, and those relating to the import/export/transit of drugs and psychotropic substances in line with the international conventions amount to 1% of the total import/export/transit value rather than the service cost.[213] According to the authorities, these fees are based on the merchandise value because the cost of the evaluation and inspection service depends on the import value, i.e. a higher value usually means that there are more medicines to control.
3.39.
Permission to conduct activities is necessary for: the import and export of tobacco, processed tobacco and tobacco products; tobacco processing; production of tobacco products; and wholesale and retail trade of tobacco products (Sections 3.3.6.3.2 and 4.1.1).[214] The Tobacco Agency under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is the administrative authority responsible for registering and licensing all participants in the chain of production and trade of tobacco, as well as monitoring the situation in the tobacco products market for the purposes of controlling illegal trade and ensuring fair market competition.[215]
3.40.
Since its accession, Montenegro has made one notification under the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures and another containing its replies to the Questionnaire on Import Licensing procedures; both notifications were submitted on 14 April 2015 (Section 2.3.1).[216] Montenegro's notification under the 2012 Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions is pending.[217] The authorities plan to submit pending notifications in this area in the course of 2018.
3.41.
Although the 2004 Law on Foreign Trade decreased the barriers for doing business and executing foreign trade transactions in accordance with WTO Agreements, it still provides for some restrictive measures, such as quotas.[218] Under the Law on Foreign Trade, quantitative restrictions on imports may be imposed as a safeguard or for balance-of-payments purposes (Section 3.1.7).[219] Since Montenegro's accession to the WTO no such measures have been taken.
B. Exportación prohibiciones y restricciones
3.47.
Since 2017, exports of some kinds of wood and wood products (HS 44.01.11.00, HS 44.01.12.00 and HS 44.03), in total 26 tariff lines, are temporarily prohibited until 1 May 2019 (Section 4.1.2).[227]
3.48.
Quantitative restrictions on exports may be imposed in case of critical shortages of products essential to Montenegro, for the relief of consequences of such shortages, or in order to protect exhaustible natural resources if export restrictions are applied simultaneously with restrictions on domestic production or consumption. In 2014, Montenegro adopted the classification of goods for export into the following regimes: free exports (LB) and licensed exports (D). Non-automatic export licences are required for the following commodities: drugs, medicines derived from blood and for immunological products, precious metals, explosives, arms, military equipment, and national art treasures. The requirement for a non-automatic licence for the exportation of ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal was abolished on 23 December 2011.[228] Export licence fees are contained in the Law on Administrative Fees (Section 3.1.4). Fees for issuance of the approval for export of immunological medicine and medicine derived from blood and plasma are contained in Decision on the payment method and fees for the issuance of authorizations, certificates and approvals for the manufacture and marketing of medicines (OG No. 22/13, 17 May 2013).
3.49.
Montenegro applied for membership in the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies in September 2015 and has provided relevant information as requested.[229] According to the authorities, the arrangement plays a significant role in contributing to regional and international security and stability.
Base de Datos sobre Medio Ambiente (BDMA) de la OMC
La BDMA contiene medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente que pueden considerarse RC, las cuales, por lo tanto, deben notificarse con arreglo a la Decisión sobre las restricciones cuantitativas.
Ver las medidas relacionadas con el medio ambiente adoptadas por el Miembro