Liechtenstein Perfil del Miembro
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Examen de las políticas comerciales
Último Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC) WT/TPR/S/425/Rev.1
A. Importación prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación
3.44.
As at the time of the previous Review, Switzerland and Liechtenstein continue to apply import prohibitions largely for reasons of security, health, and protection of the environment (Table 3.10). Additionally, some import prohibitions are applied by both Switzerland and Liechtenstein in the context of UN Security Council Resolutions or EU sanctions regulations.[259] Since the previous Review in 2017, additional import prohibitions or restrictions have been introduced in the context of sanctions against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (especially textiles and statues; machinery, electrical equipment and vessels; and fish, seafood, food of plant origin, and agricultural products) and the sanctions against Belarus (petroleum and petroleum products; potassium chloride products).
3.45.
The import licensing regime of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for 2021 was notified to the WTO in the same year.[260] Changes over the review period to licensing and authorization requirements were the removal of import authorization requirements for alcohol with an ethanol content greater than 80% volume on 1 January 2019 and the introduction of import licensing requirements to fulfil Switzerland's obligations under the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which it ratified in May 2017.
3.46.
An automatic import licence (general import licence (PGI)) is required for a wide range of agricultural products (some 650 tariff lines at the HS 8‑digit level, including in‑quota lines). It is obtained free of charge from the Federal Office of Agriculture (FOAG), and it is for an unlimited duration; it is used for statistical reasons and for the management of TQs.[261] Additionally, under Switzerland's compulsory reserves framework (Section 3.1.3.4) a PGI must be obtained from CARBURA for imports of fuels and from Rservesuisse for imports of food and feedstuffs.[262] Automatic licences are granted on the condition that the importer has a reserve stock contract or pays a contribution to the guarantee funds administered by CARBURA or Rservesuisse.
3.47.
Non‑automatic licences are used for allocating some parts of certain TQs on agricultural products to authorized operators; they may be transferred to other authorized operators and are for limited periods. In accordance with Switzerland's notification[263], the TQs in question are: live bovine animals (CHEQ002), animals for slaughter (CHEQ005 and CHEQ006), some dairy produce (CHEQ007), cut flowers (CHEQ013), potatoes (CHEQ014), fresh and frozen vegetables (CHEQ015, CHEQ016), and fresh fruit (CHEQ017, CHEQ018, CHEQ019).[264]
3.48.
For SPS reasons, certain imports of animals and animal products require an authorization from the Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office. Imports from the European Union, Norway, and Iceland are largely exempt from this requirement. Vegetable and vegetable products no longer need an authorization from the Federal Office for Agriculture but must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate.
3.49.
Licences are also required for: (i) imports of species covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; (ii) reproductive forestry materials; (iii) organs, tissue, and cells of human origin intended to be transplanted; (iv) blood, blood products, and immunological products; (v) narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors used and marketed for legal purposes; (vi) war materials and arms; (vii) explosives and pyrotechnic articles for civilian use; (viii) nuclear fuels, residues, and wastes; radioactive materials; (ix) mercury; (x) dangerous waste; (xi) dual‑use goods; (xii) certain dangerous chemical and pesticide goods; and (xiii) ozone‑depleting substances.[265]
B. Exportación prohibiciones y restricciones
3.57.
As at the time of its previous Review, Switzerland and Liechtenstein maintain restrictions and prohibitions on exports based on foreign and security policy (see below) and on some goods on the grounds of safety, security, the environment, and compliance with international conventions and treaties. These controls largely apply to products also subject to import controls (Section 3.1.4). Goods (products, technology, and software) subject export controls in Switzerland and Liechtenstein are contained in Table 3.12 and were notified to the WTO in 2020. Over the review period, the only change to categories of products subject to export controls was the introduction on 17 March 2020 of non‑automatic export licences for certain goods related to the COVID‑19 pandemic. These included: (i) protective glasses and visors; (ii) oral‑nasal protective equipment; (iii) protective clothes; and (iv) certain active substances or medicines containing certain active substances (propofol, rocuronium bromure, and atracurium besilate). These measures expired on 22 June 2020.[273]
3.58.
Under the Federal Law on the Implementation of International Sanctions, the Federal Council may, by means of ordinances, apply import and export prohibitions and restraints based on international law, particularly decisions by the UN Security Council, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, or Switzerland's principal trading partners.[274] There were no substantial changes to this law over the review period, and the list of economies subject to sanctions is contained on the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) website.[275]
3.59.
Concerning export embargoes, Liechtenstein implements the relevant UN Security Council Resolutions and generally aligns itself with the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy regarding export embargoes.
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